动词过去式 vs. 过去分词：是双胞胎还是陌生人？一篇彻底分清！

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过去式 vs. 过去分词

一、核心区别：功能不同

过去式（Past Tense）

功能：单独表示过去发生的动作（一般过去时）。

结构：无需助动词，直接作谓语。例：He ate lunch yesterday.

过去分词（Past Participle）

完成时：have/has/had + 过去分词例：She has eaten lunch.

被动语态：be + 过去分词例：The cake was eaten by him.

功能：需与助动词（have/be）搭配，构成完成时或被动语态。

结构：

二、形态对比：规则与不规则动词

动词类型

原形

过去式

过去分词

例句（过去分词用法）

规则动词

play

played

played

The game has been played.

watch

watched

watched

The movie was watched.

不规则动词

eat

ate

eaten

The apple has been eaten.

break

broke

broken

The window is broken.

go

went

gone

He has gone to school.

三、用法深度解析

场景1：一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时

过去式：仅表示过去动作，不强调影响。He ate an apple.（单纯描述过去吃了苹果）

过去分词：强调动作对现在的影响。He has eaten an apple.（现在不饿）

场景2：被动语态

过去分词必须与 be 动词搭配：例：The letter was written by her.（被动语态）❌ 错误：The letter wrote by her.

场景3：作形容词的过去分词

过去分词可独立作形容词，描述状态：例：a broken cup（破碎的杯子）, excited children（兴奋的孩子）

四、不规则动词分类速记

AAA型：原形、过去式、过去分词同形

例：cut → cut → cut, put → put → put

ABB型：过去式与过去分词同形

例：buy → bought → bought, bring → brought → brought

ABC型：三者均不同

例：sing → sang → sung, write → wrote → written

ABA型：原形与过去分词同形

例：come → came → come, run → ran → run

五、易错点总结

混淆过去式和过去分词

❌ 错误：He has ate lunch. → ✅ He has eaten lunch.

❌ 错误：The book was wrote by her. → ✅ The book was written by her.

被动语态中漏掉 be 动词

❌ 错误：The door opened by him. → ✅ The door was opened by him.

误用过去分词作谓语

❌ 错误：He eaten an apple. → ✅ He ate an apple.

小测试：用正确形式填空！

She has ______ (write) a letter.

The window was ______ (break) by the ball.

They ______ (go) to the park yesterday.

答案：

written

broken

went

口诀速记：过去式独行表过去，过去分词靠兄弟（have/be）；完成被动它登场，不规则词要牢记！

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